Globalization Upside Down

I was listening this afternoon to an interview with the author of $20 Per Gallon, a book about the potential societal impacts of rising fuel costs. It made me think: What happens to the concept of globalization -- that is, the shifting of production to where each good can be produced most cheaply -- if a significant proportion of the unit cost of every good is incurred by the fuel required for its transportation? Presidents from Herbert Hoover to George W. Bush have pushed for tariffs to protect domestic production from foreign competition. They may get their wishes after all, and without any such heavy-handed interference with the free market.

Corollary: Given that the cost of transporting an object is a result of the fixed product of its weight and the distance it travels, which countries' exports seek to benefit most in a time of high fuel prices: those whose products have low costs and low margins, or those whose products have high costs and are of high sophistication?